On-Road Vehicles Emissions
Introduction
On-road vehicles, including cars and trucks, are significant contributors to transportation emissions, which have substantial environmental and health impacts. These vehicles primarily run on gasoline and diesel, releasing greenhouse gases and pollutants that affect air quality and climate change. Addressing emissions from on-road vehicles is crucial for creating a sustainable transportation system.
Key Points on On-Road Vehicle Emissions
Types of On-Road Vehicles
Passenger Cars: These are personal vehicles used for commuting and transportation. They typically have lower emissions per vehicle compared to larger trucks but collectively contribute significantly to total emissions due to their widespread use.
Light-Duty Trucks: This category includes pickup trucks, SUVs, and vans. Light-duty trucks are becoming increasingly popular, leading to higher emissions due to their larger engines and weight.
Heavy-Duty Trucks: These are used for transporting goods over long distances. Heavy-duty trucks are major contributors to transportation emissions, as they consume more fuel than lighter vehicles and often travel significant distances.
Sources of Emissions
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): The primary greenhouse gas emitted from on-road vehicles. CO₂ is produced during the combustion of gasoline or diesel fuel in internal combustion engines.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Produced from the combustion process, NOx contributes to air pollution and the formation of ground-level ozone, which can cause respiratory problems.
Particulate Matter (PM): Small particles released from vehicle exhaust and tire wear can cause serious health issues, including lung and heart diseases.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Emitted from fuel evaporation and combustion, VOCs contribute to smog formation and can have adverse health effects.