Marine Shipping Emissions
Introduction
Marine shipping is a critical component of global trade, responsible for transporting about 90% of the world’s goods. However, it is also a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. Addressing emissions from marine shipping is essential for achieving sustainability in the maritime industry and mitigating climate change.
Key Points on Marine Shipping Emissions
Sources of Marine Shipping Emissions
Commercial Vessels: Cargo ships, container ships, tankers, and bulk carriers are major contributors to marine emissions. These vessels primarily burn heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine diesel oil (MDO), which are high in carbon content.
Fishing Vessels: Commercial fishing boats also contribute to marine emissions. Depending on their size and engine type, they can produce significant emissions during their operations.
Cruise Ships: The growing popularity of cruise tourism has led to increased emissions from cruise ships. These vessels not only emit greenhouse gases but also produce pollutants that can affect air quality in coastal areas.
Types of Emissions
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): The primary greenhouse gas emitted by marine vessels. CO₂ is produced during the combustion of fuel and contributes to global warming.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Emitted from the combustion process in ship engines, NOx contributes to air pollution and can lead to the formation of ground-level ozone, which has harmful effects on human health.
Sulfur Oxides (SOx): Produced when sulfur-containing fuels are burned, SOx emissions can contribute to acid rain and have serious health impacts. Regulations, such as the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) sulfur cap, aim to reduce these emissions.
Particulate Matter (PM): Fine particles released from ships can negatively impact air quality and human health. PM can penetrate deep into the lungs and is linked to respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems.